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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(11)2022 Nov 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36360549

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the health care area, tuition is an essential part to provide the instrument that proves the graduates have acquired the necessary skills in their specialties. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the improvement in quality of resources for residents after standardized digital training program with rubrics. METHODS: Prospective observational study of first year medical residents in seven medical specialties in four different training centers. Five dimensions were considered to scale the quality of medical resident research: Validation of rubric in investigation methodology topics for each block in b-learning mode; initial and ending evaluation; colloquium investigation rubric; results of final investigation; satisfaction survey of 360 degrees. The instruments were validated using the delphi method with a minimum agreement of 0.8. We considered global values greater than 80 points as good quality. RESULTS: 85 medical residents participated and obtained a final average of 80.62 (±9.59), and the satisfaction of the course was qualified as excellent/good in 82.5%. A positive relation was observed between the scope of the evaluation and the level of satisfaction. Mean quality score for the course was good. There is no relationship between the research experience of the students and the final average r = 0.123 (p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of research seminars in b-learning mode results in improving the education program for health residents after a training program with a rubric system and their acquiring research skills, and, as a consequence, the final product also showed better quality, even when the student did not have any experience in a scientific publication.

2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 60(6): 657-665, 2022 Oct 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36283034

RESUMO

Objective: Identify risk factors for severe outcome in Mexican patients with COVID-19 in the population of Quintana Roo. Material and methods: Study of 5,916 who met the criteria for suspected cases of COVID-19, 2,531 confirmed by qrTPCR-Sars-CoV-2 tests, of which 1,486 were positive, among which they were classified as hospitalized (severe COVID-19) and outpatients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 and death as clinical outcomes. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated Statistical analysis) Endorsement of the ethics committee 2301. Results: SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presented a high prevalence of hypertension 29.1%, diabetes 23.5%, obesity 24%, and 48.5% have at least one chronic disease. There is a high risk of severity for COVID-19 in patients with diabetes OR=3.14, hypertension OR=1.88, obesity OR=1.68, kidney disease OR=3.2, older than 65 years OR=13.6 and men OR=1.7. These factors also increase the risk of death up to 7.7 times. The maximum R0 during the epidemic was 2.4. Conclusion: Liver and kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are significantly associated with severe COVID-19 and death.


Objetivo: identificar factores de riesgo para desenlace a COVID-19 grave en pacientes mexicanos con de COVID-19 en población en Quintana Roo. Material y métodos: estudio de 5,916 quienes cumplieron criterios de casos sospechosos de COVID-19, 2,531 confirmados por pruebas qrTPCR-Sars-CoV-2 de los cuales 1,486 fueron positivos entre los cuales se clasifico en hosptializados (COVID-19 grave) y ambulatorios. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística multivariada para explorar los factores asociados con la gravedad de COVID-19 y defunción como desenlaces clínicos. Se calculó el número básico de reproducción (R0) Análisis estadístico) Aval del comité de ética 2301. Resultados: pacientes positivos a SARS-CoV-2 presentaron alta prevalencia de hipertensión 29.1%, diabetes 23.5%, obesidad 24%, y 48.5% tiene al menos una enfermedad crónica. Existe alto riesgo de severidad para COVID-19 en pacientes con diabetes OR=3.14; hipertensión OR=1.88, obesidad OR=1.68, enfermedad renal OR=3.2, mayores de 65 años OR=13.6 y hombres OR=1.7. Estos factores también incrementan el riesgo de defunción hasta 7.7 veces. El R0 máximo durante la epidemia fue de 2.4. Conclusión: la enfermedad hepática, renal, diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad se asocian significativamente a COVID-19 severo y defunción.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Masculino , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , México/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 29(3): 174-180, 04-oct-2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1357966

RESUMO

Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), y en específico los que tienen tratamiento renal sustitutivo (TRS), se ven afectados en su ciclo circadiano y en su calidad del sueño. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad del sueño de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que acuden al servicio de Nefrología de una unidad médica de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología: estudio comparativo en pacientes con ERC del servicio de Nefrología, clasificados en tres grupos, dos de ellos en terapia de reemplazo renal (diálisis peritoneal y hemodiálisis) y uno sin terapia de reemplazo renal (prediálisis). Para la calidad del sueño se utilizó la escala de Pittsburgh, se incluyeron datos sociodemográficos y parámetros bioquímicos. Los datos se analizaron median- te comparación de frecuencias con Chi cuadrada, medias con t de Student y ANOVA de un factor. Resultados: se formaron tres grupos: hemodiálisis (n = 75), diálisis peritoneal (n = 58) y prediálisis (n = 71). La edad media fue de 53.5 años; la calidad subjetiva del sueño fue buena en el 48% del total y en el 54.9% de los pacientes en prediálisis (p < 0.05). Al aplicar la escala de Pittsburgh, el 80.4% del total y el 84.5% de los pacientes en diálisis reportaron una calidad de sueño mala. De las siete dimensiones evaluadas, dos fueron diferentes en los tres grupos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: la percepción del paciente sobre la calidad del sueño habitualmente se sobreestima, lo que indica una adaptación a un sueño ineficiente. Debido a las características de estos pacientes es importante mantener un control de sus parámetros bioquímicos, que también tienen un impacto en la calidad del sueño.


Introduction: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and specifically with renal replacement therapy (RRT), their circadian cycle and consequently their sleep quality are affected. Objective: To evaluate the quality of sleep in patients with chronic kidney disease attends at the nephrology service. Methods: Comparative study in patients with chronic kidney disease from the nephrology service classified into three groups, two of them had renal replacement therapy (peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis) and one without renal replacement therapy (predialysis). For the quality of sleep we used the Pittsburgh Scale, sociodemographic data and biochemical parameters were included. Comparison of frequencies with chi-square, means with Student's t and Anova of one factor. Results: Three groups were formed: hemodialysis (n = 75), peritoneal dialysis (n = 58) and predialysis (n = 71). The mean age was 53.5 years; the subjective quality of sleep was "good" in 48.0% of the total and in 54.9% of predialysis patients (p <0.05). When applying the Pittsburgh scale, 80.4% of the total and 84.5 of the dialysis patients reported a "poor" quality of sleep. Of the seven dimensions evaluated, two were different in the three groups (p < 0.05) Conclusions: The patient's perception of the quality of sleep is regularly overestimated, which indicates an adaptation to this dream habit. Due to the characteristics of these patients, it is important to keep a check on their biochemical parameters, which also have an impact on the quality of sleep.


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Secundária à Saúde , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Diálise Peritoneal , México , Nefrologia
4.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 29(4): 185-190, 04/10/2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1357983

RESUMO

Introducción: una alternativa para mitigar los efectos del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es la medicina complementaria, alternativa o integrativa (MCAI); sin embargo, esta puede tener una influencia negativa en los pacientes con VIH. Objetivo: estimar la relación entre la carga viral y el uso de MCAI en pacientes con VIH/SIDA. Metodología: estudio analítico con 232 pacientes de la clínica de VIH/SIDA de una unidad médica de segundo nivel de atención en Cancún, México. Previo consentimiento informado, a cada paciente se le aplicó un cuestionario para identificar el uso de la MCAI y simultáneamente se obtuvo el conteo de carga viral y el CD4 del expediente electrónico. Resultados: el 47.8% utilizaron herbolaria como tratamiento alternativo. No se encontró diferencia estadística entre la utilización de herbolaria y su conteo de carga viral (p > 0.646). La terapia cuerpo-mente, los suplementos vitamínicos, la homeopatía y la acupuntura se usaron del 5 al 24.6%, sin diferencia estadística (p > 0.05) entre los grupos. Por el contrario, el uso de sesiones de manipulación del cuerpo mostró diferencia en relación con quienes no las utilizaban (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: es importante que el profesional de la salud identifique los efectos adversos o benéficos de las terapias alternativas y complementarias, con la finalidad de orientar a sus pacientes y no afectar su tratamiento antirretroviral y, en consecuencia, su conteo de carga viral.


Introduction: An alternative to mitigate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); however, this could have a negative influence in patients with HIV. Objective: To estimate the relationship between viral load and the use of CAM in patients with HIV/AIDS. Method: Analytical study with 232 patients from the HIV/AIDS Clinic of a second-level healthcare unit in Cancun, Mexico. With prior informed consent, a questionnaire was administered to each patient to identify the use of CAM, and, simultaneously, the viral load and CD4 counts were obtained from their electronic file. Results: 47.8% used herbal medicine as an alternative treatment. No statistical difference was found between the use of herbal products and their viral load (p > 0.646). Body-mind therapy, vitamin supplements, homeopathy and acupuncture were used from 5 to 24.6% without statistical difference (p > 0.05) among groups. However, the use of massage therapy showed a difference in relation to those who did not use it (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It is important that health professionals identify the adverse or beneficial effects of alternative and complementary therapies, so that they can guide their patients and not affect their antiretroviral treatment and, consequently, their viral load.


Assuntos
Humanos , Terapias Complementares , HIV , Atenção Secundária à Saúde , Atenção à Saúde , México
5.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 26(4): 256-262, Septiembre-Dic. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-979924

RESUMO

Introducción: la preeclampsia es un trastorno multisistémico cuyos criterios clínicos no han cambiado en la última década. De acuerdo con la OMS, la incidencia de preeclampsia oscila entre el 2 y 10% del total de embarazos, y su prevalencia es siete veces mayor en los países en vías de desarrollo que en los países desarrollados. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y antecedentes obstétricos de las pacientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia-eclampsia de la unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos (UCIA). Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo, se incluyeron 20 expedientes clínicos de las pacientes entre 13 y 45 años de edad, con embarazo ≥ 20 semanas de gestación de la unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos, con diagnóstico confirmado de preeclampsia-eclampsia. Se aplicó un instrumento diseñado para el estudio. Resultados: edad promedio de 28.45 ± 6.57 años. El 55% presentó preeclampsia severa y síndrome de HELLP el 60%. Con estancia en la UCIA de 2.4 ± 1.43 días. Conclusiones: aunque los datos no fueron suficientes para documentar, la proporción de pacientes con hipertensión arterial y antecedentes de preeclampsia, así como, hipertensión arterial de comorbilidad fue superior a lo referido en un estudio con embarazadas en Colombia de 12.4%.


Introduction: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder whose clinical criteria have not changed in the last decade. According to the WHO, the incidence of preeclampsia varies between 2% and 10% of all pregnancies, and its prevalence is seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and obstetric history of patients diagnosed with preeclampsia-eclampsia of the adult intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, 20 clinical files were included of patients between 13 and 45 years of age, with pregnancy ≥ 20 weeks gestation of the adult intensive care unit, with a confirmed diagnosis of preeclampsia- eclampsia. An instrument designed for the study was applied. Results: Average age 28.45 ± 6.57 years. 55% presented severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome 60%. With a stay in the UCIA of 2.4 ± 1.43 days. Conclusions: Although the data were not enough to document, the proportion of patients with hypertension and a history of preeclampsia, as well as, comorbidity hypertension were higher than that reported in a study with pregnant women in Colombia of 12.4%.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Cuidados Críticos , Hipertensão , México
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 49(8): 465-472, oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167041

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y el tipo de violencia de pareja en mujeres usuarias de una unidad de atención primaria y estimar los riesgos para cada tipo de violencia. Diseño: Casos (incidentes) y controles. Emplazamiento: Unidad de atención primaria en Cancún, Quintana Roo, México. Participantes: Mujeres mayores de 18 años con vida en pareja en los últimos 12 meses. Mediciones principales: Mediante escala para identificación de violencia validada para población mexicana, se evaluó: violencia de pareja total, violencia física, psicológica y sexual. Antecedente de violencia y variables sociodemográficas. Se determinó chi cuadrado para variables categóricas y odds ratio (OR) para la estimación de riesgo. Resultados: La violencia de pareja total fue del 15,05%, y la violencia psicológica, del 37,3%. En violencia total se observaron diferencias en edad, nivel socioeconómico, estado civil, antecedente de violencia y consumo de alcohol en la pareja (p < 0,05). El riesgo se incrementó en mayores de 40años (OR: 2,09; IC95%: 1,07-4,11), antecedente de violencia (OR: 5,9; IC95%: 2,8-12,44) y consumo de alcohol por parte de la pareja (OR: 12,38; IC95%: 2,15-29,59). Nivel socioeconómico bajo (OR: 0,384; IC95%: 0,19-0,74) y estar en unión libre (OR: 0,507; IC95%: 0,27-0,95) son factores relacionados con menor violencia de pareja. Conclusiones: La violencia sexual predominó en las usuarias de la atención primaria, y el riesgo de que se presente esta conducta se incrementa con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en la pareja y el antecedente de violencia, pero la unión libre y el nivel socioeconómico bajo están relacionados con menor violencia de pareja (AU)


Objective: To identify the prevalence and type of intimate partner violence in women assigned at primary care health and estimates the risks for violence. Design: Case (incident cases)-control. Location: Primary health care unit in Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Participants: Women over 18 years old living in couple at last 12 months. Main measurements: Validated violence scale for Mexican population was evaluated: total partner violence, physical, psychological and sexual violence. History of violence and sociodemographic variables. Chi square for categorical variables and odds ratio (OR) for risk estimate was determined. Results: The total intimate partner violence was 15.05%, psychological violence in 37.3%. Overall violence, age differences, socioeconomic status, marital status, history of violence and alcohol intake by the partner (P < .05) were observed. The risk increased in over 40 years old (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.07 to 4.11), history of violence (OR: 5.9; 95%CI: 2.8 to 12.44) and alcohol intake by partner (OR=12.38; 95%CI: 2.15 to 29.59). Low socioeconomic status (OR: 0.384; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.74) and free union (OR: 0.507; 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.95) were relation factors to lower intimate violence partner. Conclusions: Sexual violence predominated among users of primary health care and the risk that present this behavior increases with the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the couple and a history of violence, but the free union and socioeconomic status were possibility protected for violence (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência contra a Mulher , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais , Fatores de Risco , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia
7.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(4): 189-195, 20170000. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1378439

RESUMO

Introducción: Las infecciones de vías urinarias (IVU) constituyen un problema de salud mundial. El aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos limita la administración de antibióticos económicos y de espectro limitado, lo que afecta el costo y el acceso a la atención. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la sensibilidad, resistencia y germen causal en urocultivos realizados en pacientes con infección clínica de vías urinarias. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se analizaron urocultivos de pacientes con infección clínica de vías urinarias, cada urocultivo correspondió a un paciente. Las variables fueron edad, género, microorganismo causal, resistencia y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Se realizó en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 222 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Toluca Estado de México. Se evaluaron urocultivos con más de 100000 Unidades formadoras de colonias. Se realizó mediciones descriptivas, frecuencias y porcentajes en el programa SPSS v. 17 para Windows. Resultados: se incluyeron urocultivos de pacientes con infección clínica de vías urinarias. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 50.09 ± 19.43 años, con predominio del género femenino (211 pacientes). Los agentes causales más frecuentes fueron: Escherichia Coli (51.91%), Proteus mirabilis (14.70%) y Staphylococcus (11.11 %). Los antibióticos con mayor sensibilidad fueron: imipenem, cefotetan y meropenem (34%). Los antimicrobianos con mayor resistencia fueron: ampicilina (24%), ciprofloxacino (22%) y ampicilina con sulbactam (20%). Conclusiones: los microorganismos más frecuentemente fueron: Escherichia coli y Proteus; y los antimicrobianos a los que mostraron más resistencia bacteriana fueron: ampicilina y quinolonas.


Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a global health problem. Increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials limits the administration of low-spectrum antibiotics, which affect cost and access to care. The objective of this work is to determine the sensitivity, resistance and causal germ in urine cultures in patients with clinical urinary tract infection Methods: Transversal study. Urine cultures of patients with clinical urinary tract infection were analyzed, each urine culture corresponded to one patient. The variables were age, gender, causal microorganism, resistance and sensitivity to antimicrobials. It was performed at the Family Medicine Unit No. 222 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Toluca State of Mexico. Urocultures were evaluated with more than 100,000 colony forming units. Measurements were made frequencies and percentages in the SPSS program version 17 for Windows. Results: there were included 558 urine cultures; the average age was 50.09 ± 19.43 years, female predominance (211 patients). The most common causative microorganisms were Escherichia coli (51.91%), Proteus mirabilis (14.70%) and Staphylococcus (11.11%). Most sensitive antibiotics were: imipenem, meropenem and cefotetan (34%). Most resistance antimicrobial were: ampicillin (24%), ciprofloxacin (22%) and ampicillin with sulbactam (20%). Conclusions: Escherichia coli and Proteus were the most commonly isolated microorganisms; Ampicillin and quinolones showed more bacterial resistence.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Proteus/imunologia , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Infecções Urinárias/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/imunologia , Coleta de Urina , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
8.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(4): 230-237, 20170000. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1378631

RESUMO

La liberación del uso terapéutico de los opioides se ha hecho cada vez mas frecuente como una propuesta para mejorar la distribución de éstos en las instituciones de salud pública y privadas con el fin de garantizar su alcance a población que cursa con dolor. A pesar de esto, aún no se logra una distribución homogénea de estos recursos en la población requirente. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer el panorama actual de los opioides en México y algunos países sudamericanos.


The release of therapeutic opioid use is mentioned with increasing frequency as a proposal to improve their tion in Public and Private Health Care Institutions, in order to scope opioids to population who needs them. Although this, homogeneous distribution of opioids is not achieved. The aim of this paper is to present the current panorama of opioids in Mexico and Latin American countries


Assuntos
Humanos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos/organização & administração , Manejo da Dor , Acesso a Medicamentos Essenciais e Tecnologias em Saúde , Analgésicos Opioides/provisão & distribuição , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Morfina/provisão & distribuição , Morfina/uso terapêutico
9.
Aten Primaria ; 49(8): 465-472, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28161071

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and type of intimate partner violence in women assigned at primary care health and estimates the risks for violence. DESIGN: Case (incident cases)-control. LOCATION: Primary health care unit in Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Women over 18years old living in couple at last 12months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Validated violence scale for Mexican population was evaluated: total partner violence, physical, psychological and sexual violence. History of violence and sociodemographic variables. Chi square for categorical variables and odds ratio (OR) for risk estimate was determined. RESULTS: The total intimate partner violence was 15.05%, psychological violence in 37.3%. Overall violence, age differences, socioeconomic status, marital status, history of violence and alcohol intake by the partner (P<.05) were observed. The risk increased in over 40 years old (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.07 to 4.11), history of violence (OR: 5.9; 95%CI: 2.8 to 12.44) and alcohol intake by partner (OR=12.38; 95%CI: 2.15 to 29.59). Low socioeconomic status (OR: 0.384; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.74) and free union (OR: 0.507; 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.95) were relation factors to lower intimate violence partner. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual violence predominated among users of primary health care and the risk that present this behavior increases with the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the couple and a history of violence, but the free union and socioeconomic status were possibility protected for violence.


Assuntos
Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/classificação , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , México , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 48(9): 572-578, nov. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-157677

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el patrón de lactancia materna y el inicio de alimentación complementaria como riesgo de obesidad en niños de edad preescolar de un centro de atención primaria. DISEÑO: Transversal analítico. Emplazamiento. Cancún, Quintana Roo (México). PARTICIPANTES: Niños de 2 a 4 años de edad, pertenecientes a una Unidad de atención primaria. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Tiempo de lactancia materna total y exclusiva, alimento de inicio de alimentación complementaria referido por la madre o persona encargada del cuidado del menor y evaluación del estado nutricional, mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y percentil ≥ 95. Determinación de razón de prevalencia (RP), chi al cuadrado (χ2) y regresión logística binaria. RESULTADOS: Se analizó a 116 niños (55,2% niñas) con promedio de edad de 3,2 años, obesidad en 62,1%, lactancia exclusiva 72,4% con duración promedio de 2,3 meses y edad de inicio de alimentación complementaria de 5,0 meses. Existió diferencia en las medianas para tiempo de lactancia y edad de inicio de alimentación complementaria por sexo (p < 0,05). Se calculó una RP=3,9 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,49-6,34) para lactancia materna exclusiva y riesgo de obesidad. El modelo no mostró asociación de estas variables con la obesidad de los niños. CONCLUSIONES: La lactancia materna exclusiva menor a 3 meses de duración se presenta casi 4 veces más en los niños con obesidad, existiendo una diferencia para edad de inicio de alimentación complementaria, tiempo de lactancia materna y tiempo de consumo de leche de fórmula entre los niños con y sin obesidad


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of breastfeeding and weaning as a risk of obesity in pre-school children from a Primary Care Unit. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study. LOCATION: Cancun, Quintana Roo (Mexico). Participants. Children from 2-4 years of age from a Primary Care Unit. Main measurements. Duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding, age and food utilized for complementary feeding reported by the mother or career of the child and nutritional status assessment evaluated by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95 percentile. Determination of prevalence ratio (PR), odds ratio (OR), chi squared (x2), and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The study included 116 children (55.2% girls) with a mean age of 3.2 years, with obesity present in 62.1%, Exclusive breastfeeding in 72.4% with mean duration of 2.3 months, and age at introducing solids foods was 5.0 months. There was a difference for breastfeeding and complementary feeding by gender sex (P<.05). A PR=3.9 (95% CI: 1.49-6.34) was calculated for exclusive breastfeeding and risk of obesity. The model showed no association between these variables and obesity in children. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding of less than three months is associated with almost 4 more times in obese children. There was a difference in age of complementary feeding, duration of breastfeeding, and formula milk consumption time for obese and non-obese children


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Aleitamento Materno/tendências , Obesidade Pediátrica/complicações , Obesidade Pediátrica/dietoterapia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente/normas , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Intervalos de Confiança
11.
Gac Med Mex ; 152(4): 479-85, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27595251

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Identify factors related to preclinical depression in healthy adults, their risk factors and concordance with family doctor diagnostic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study in adult from family medicine consulting room. Beck inventory for depression was applied. The correlation between depression and the diagnosis by the family physician was evaluated. Odds ratio (OR) was determined. RESULTS: Involved 138 patients randomly from four family medicine units (FMU) in the Northern Region of Quintana Roo, Mexico. The mean age 34.9 ± 11.4 years, 55.8% women, prevalence for depression was 26.1%. Being male OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.69-8.36, under 30 years OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.27-5.99, low socioeconomic status (SES) OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 0.97-4.59 and be married OR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.41.-7.36 had depression risk. Diagnosis by the family physician and inventory Beck. Kappa Index 0.2, 95% CI: -0057-0176; p = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a third of young adults have some depression degree in family medicine consulting room, it is necessary a depression screening for male patients, low SES, married, and under 30 years old, attending medical consultation familiar, for a early diagnosis and improve prognosis.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54(3): 327-33, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27100978

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is a priority issue in health systems, due to the damage costs, institutional weakening, lack of credibility, and frustration on those who committed an error that resulted in an adverse event. There is no standardized instrument for recording, reporting, and analyzing sentinel or adverse events (AE) in primary care. Our aim was to design and validate a surveillance system for recording sentinel events, adverse events and near miss incidents in primary care. METHODS: We made a review of systems for recording and reporting adverse events in primary care. Then, we proposed an instrument to record these events, and register faults in the structure and process, in primary health care units in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. RESULTS: We showed VENCER-MF format to 35 subjects. Out of them, 100% identified a failure in care process, 90% recorded a sentinel event, 85% identified the cause of this event, 75% of them suggested some measures for avoiding the recurrence of adverse events. We used a Cronbach's alpha of 0.6, p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument VENCER-MF has a good consistency for the identification of adverse events.


Introducción: la seguridad del paciente es un tema prioritario en los sistemas de salud por el gasto que genera, el desgaste institucional, la falta de credibilidad y la frustración del personal que comete los eventos adversos. No existe un instrumento estandarizado y sistemático para registrar, reportar y analizar los eventos adversos en unidades de atención primaria. El objetivo fue validar un sistema de vigilancia para el registro de eventos centinelas, adversos y cuasi fallas en atención primaria. Métodos: se revisaron sistemas de registro y notificación de eventos adversos en atención primaria. Asimismo, se diseñó una propuesta de instrumento para el registro en unidades de atención primaria en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social que integrara fallas en la estructura y en el proceso. Resultados: se le presentó el caso del formato VENCER-MF a 35 sujetos. El 100 % identificó una falla en el proceso de atención médica, 90 % registró un evento centinela, 85 % identificó el origen de este y el 75 % sugirió medidas para evitar la recurrencia de eventos adversos. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.6, con una p = 0.03. Conclusión: el instrumento VENCER-MF tiene una consistencia buena para la identificación de eventos adversos.


Assuntos
Erros Médicos , Segurança do Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Gestão de Riscos/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Erros Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Segurança do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Aten Primaria ; 48(9): 572-578, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26880166

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of breastfeeding and weaning as a risk of obesity in pre-school children from a Primary Care Unit. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study LOCATION: Cancun, Quintana Roo (Mexico). PARTICIPANTS: Children from 2-4 years of age from a Primary Care Unit. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding, age and food utilized for complementary feeding reported by the mother or career of the child and nutritional status assessment evaluated by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95 percentile. Determination of prevalence ratio (PR), odds ratio (OR), chi squared (x2), and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The study included 116 children (55.2% girls) with a mean age of 3.2 years, with obesity present in 62.1%, Exclusive breastfeeding in 72.4% with mean duration of 2.3 months, and age at introducing solids foods was 5.0 months. There was a difference for breastfeeding and complementary feeding by gender sex (P<.05). A PR=3.9 (95% CI: 1.49-6.34) was calculated for exclusive breastfeeding and risk of obesity. The model showed no association between these variables and obesity in children CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding of less than three months is associated with almost 4 more times in obese children. There was a difference in age of complementary feeding, duration of breastfeeding, and formula milk consumption time for obese and non-obese children.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Obesidade Pediátrica/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis , Recém-Nascido , México
14.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 43(3): 179-185, July-Sept. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-757253

RESUMO

Introduction: Epidural analgesia is the safest and most effective method for the treatment of pain during childbirth. Epidural bupivacaine provides excellent analgesia for labor and remains the most widely used local anesthetic in obstetric anesthesia. Objective: To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of two concentrations of bupivacaine in women in labor. Methods: 114 patients in labor with term pregnancy were included in the study They were grouped randomly into two groups: patients who received bupivacaine at 0.125% (group A) and those who received 0.25% bupivacaine (group B). Patients in group A received a bolus injection of 10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine. The patients in group B received a bolus of 10 ml bupivacaine 0.25%. Pain intensity according to VAS, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and the degree of motorblock was assessed usingthe Bromage scale at different periods of time. Results: Demographic characteristics and parity were compared with no statistically significant differences found. By comparing the values of the VAS measure at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min, statistically significant differences in favor of the group with 0.25% bupivacaine were found with decreased pain perception after 30 min, p-value = 0.02. No differences in arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were found between the two groups. Conclusion: The concentration of 0.25% bupivacaine has greater analgesic efficacy compared to 0.125% bupivacaine.


Introducción: La analgesia epidural es el método más seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento del dolor del parto. La Bupivacaína epidural proporciona una analgesia excelente para el parto y sigue siendo el anestésico local más utilizado en anestesia obstétrica. Objetivo: Evaluarla eficacia analgésica entre dos concentraciones de Bupivacaína en mujeres en trabajo de parto. Métodos: Se incluyeron 114 pacientes en trabajo de parto con embarazo de término. Se agruparon de forma aleatoria en dos grupos; pacientes que recibieron Bupivacaína al 0,125% (grupo A) y Bupivacaína al 0,25% (grupo B). Las pacientes del grupo A recibieron 10 ml de Bupivacaína al 0,125% en bolo. Las pacientes del grupo B recibieron 10 ml. de Bupivacaína al 0,25% en bolo. Se valoró la intensidad del dolor según la EVA, la presión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, el grado de bloqueo motor según la escala de Bromage en diferentes periodos de tiempo. Resultados: Las características demográficas y de paridad se compararon, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Al comparar los valores de la EVA medida en el minuto 0, 15, 30, 60 y 90 se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del grupo con Bupivacaína al 0,25% con disminución de la percepción del dolor a partir del minuto 30, valor de p de 0,02. No se encontraron diferencias en la Presión Arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y frecuencia respiratoria entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: La concentración de Bupivacaína al 0,25% mejora la eficacia analgésica en comparación con Bupivacaína al 0,125% en mujeres con trabajo de parto activo en 6 puntos a los a partir de los 60 minutos.


Assuntos
Humanos
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 113(3): 213-220, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: lil-750466

RESUMO

Introducción. Las escalas pronósticas son de utilidad para el médico que ejerce en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Existen escalas neonatales validadas, en su mayoría para neonatos de bajo peso al nacer. El objetivo fue crear y validar una escala predictora de mortalidad en neonatos que incluyera nuevas variables pronósticas. Población y métodos. Se realizó el estudio en un hospital materno-infantil de la ciudad de México, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. En la primera fase, se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte (neonatos ingresados con criterios de gravedad durante el primer día de vida), en el que se identificó y construyó una escala con parámetros graduales de puntuación acumulativa de nueve variables independientes para predecir muerte: peso, acidemia metabólica, lactato, paO2/FiO2, p(A-a) O2, A/a, plaquetas y glucosa sérica. La validación se realizó en una cohorte prospectiva, de las mismas características, tomando como variable de desenlace la mortalidad hasta el séptimo día. Resultados. La cohorte incipiente estuvo conformada por 424 neonatos. Se seleccionaron 22 casos y 132 controles, y se identificaron 9 variables, que conformaron la escala nombrada escala de mortalidad neonatal-9 México. La cohorte de validación estuvo integrada por 227 neonatos. Se registraron 44 (19%) defunciones, con un área bajo la curva de 0,92. Con una puntuación de entre 16 y 18, se reportó un hazard ratio de 85 (11-102), una especificidad de 99%, un valor predictivo positivo de 71% y un valor predictivo negativo de 90%. Conclusiones. La escala propuesta es un instrumento fiable para predecir la gravedad en neonatos.


Introduction. Prognostic scales or scores are useful for physicians who work in neonatal intensive care units. There are several validated neonatal scores but they are mostly applicable to low birth weight infants. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a mortality prognostic score in newborn infants, that would include new prognostic outcome measures. Population and Methods. The study was conducted in a mother and child hospital in the city of Mexico, part of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security). In the first phase of the study, a nested case-control study was designed (newborn infants admitted on the basis of severity criteria during the first day of life), in which a scale was identified and developed with gradual parameters of cumulative score consisting of nine independent outcome measures to predict death, as follows: weight, metabolic acidemia, lactate, PaO2/FiO2, p(A-a) O2, A/a, platelets and serum glucose.Validation was performed in a matched prospective cohort, using 7-day mortality as an endpoint. Results. The initial cohort consisted of 424 newborn infants. Twenty-two cases and 132 controls were selected; and 9 outcome measures were identified, making up the scale named neonatal mortality score-9 Mexico. The validation cohort consisted of 227 newborn infants. Forty-four (19%) deaths were recorded, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. With a score between 16 and 18, an 85 (11-102) hazard ratio, 99% specificity, 71% positive predictive value and 90% negative predictive value were reported. Conclusions .The proposed scale is a reliable tool to predict severity in newborn infants.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Mortalidade Infantil , Fatores de Risco , México
16.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 113(3): 213-220, jun. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-134132

RESUMO

Introducción. Las escalas pronósticas son de utilidad para el médico que ejerce en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Existen escalas neonatales validadas, en su mayoría para neonatos de bajo peso al nacer. El objetivo fue crear y validar una escala predictora de mortalidad en neonatos que incluyera nuevas variables pronósticas. Población y métodos. Se realizó el estudio en un hospital materno-infantil de la ciudad de México, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. En la primera fase, se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte (neonatos ingresados con criterios de gravedad durante el primer día de vida), en el que se identificó y construyó una escala con parámetros graduales de puntuación acumulativa de nueve variables independientes para predecir muerte: peso, acidemia metabólica, lactato, paO2/FiO2, p(A-a) O2, A/a, plaquetas y glucosa sérica. La validación se realizó en una cohorte prospectiva, de las mismas características, tomando como variable de desenlace la mortalidad hasta el séptimo día. Resultados. La cohorte incipiente estuvo conformada por 424 neonatos. Se seleccionaron 22 casos y 132 controles, y se identificaron 9 variables, que conformaron la escala nombrada escala de mortalidad neonatal-9 México. La cohorte de validación estuvo integrada por 227 neonatos. Se registraron 44 (19%) defunciones, con un área bajo la curva de 0,92. Con una puntuación de entre 16 y 18, se reportó un hazard ratio de 85 (11-102), una especificidad de 99%, un valor predictivo positivo de 71% y un valor predictivo negativo de 90%. Conclusiones. La escala propuesta es un instrumento fiable para predecir la gravedad en neonatos.(AU)


Introduction. Prognostic scales or scores are useful for physicians who work in neonatal intensive care units. There are several validated neonatal scores but they are mostly applicable to low birth weight infants. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a mortality prognostic score in newborn infants, that would include new prognostic outcome measures. Population and Methods. The study was conducted in a mother and child hospital in the city of Mexico, part of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security). In the first phase of the study, a nested case-control study was designed (newborn infants admitted on the basis of severity criteria during the first day of life), in which a scale was identified and developed with gradual parameters of cumulative score consisting of nine independent outcome measures to predict death, as follows: weight, metabolic acidemia, lactate, PaO2/FiO2, p(A-a) O2, A/a, platelets and serum glucose.Validation was performed in a matched prospective cohort, using 7-day mortality as an endpoint. Results. The initial cohort consisted of 424 newborn infants. Twenty-two cases and 132 controls were selected; and 9 outcome measures were identified, making up the scale named neonatal mortality score-9 Mexico. The validation cohort consisted of 227 newborn infants. Forty-four (19%) deaths were recorded, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. With a score between 16 and 18, an 85 (11-102) hazard ratio, 99% specificity, 71% positive predictive value and 90% negative predictive value were reported. Conclusions .The proposed scale is a reliable tool to predict severity in newborn infants.(AU)

17.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 113(3): 213-20, 2015 06.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25996319

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Prognostic scales or scores are useful for physicians who work in neonatal intensive care units. There are several validated neonatal scores but they are mostly applicable to low birth weight infants. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a mortality prognostic score in newborn infants, that would include new prognostic outcome measures. POPULATION AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a mother and child hospital in the city of Mexico, part of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security). In the first phase of the study, a nested case-control study was designed (newborn infants admitted on the basis of severity criteria during the first day of life), in which a scale was identified and developed with gradual parameters of cumulative score consisting of nine independent outcome measures to predict death, as follows: weight, metabolic acidemia, lactate, PaO2/FiO2, p(A-a) O2, A/a, platelets and serum glucose.Validation was performed in a matched prospective cohort, using 7-day mortality as an endpoint. RESULTS: The initial cohort consisted of 424 newborn infants. Twenty-two cases and 132 controls were selected; and 9 outcome measures were identified, making up the scale named neonatal mortality score-9 Mexico. The validation cohort consisted of 227 newborn infants. Forty-four (19%) deaths were recorded, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. With a score between 16 and 18, an 85 (11-102) hazard ratio, 99% specificity, 71% positive predictive value and 90% negative predictive value were reported. Conclusions .The proposed scale is a reliable tool to predict severity in newborn infants.


Assuntos
Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Mortalidade Infantil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos
18.
Colomb Med (Cali) ; 46(1): 14-8, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26019380

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a strategy for early detection of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) in Quintana Roo, México. METHODS: Study transversal, observational, prospective, analytical, eight primary care units from Mexican Social Security Institute in the northern delegation of the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico were included. A program for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adult 376,169 was designed. Were diagnosed 683 cases of type 2 diabetes, in 105 patients randomized was conducted to direct ophthalmoscopy were subjected to a secondary hospital were assigned. Will determine the degree of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema was performed. RESULTS: In population were 55.2% female, mean age 48+11.1 years, 23.8 % had some degree of DR, 28.0% with mild non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy 48.0 % moderate 16.0% and severe and 8.0% showed proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Those over age 30 are 2.8 times more risk of developing DR, OR= 2.8; 95%CI: 0.42-18.0, and OR= 1.7; 95%CI: 1.02-2.95 women. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of programs aimed at the early detection of debilitating conditions such as diabetic retinopathy health impact beneficiaries, effective links between primary care systems and provide second level positive health outcomes for patient diseases.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de una estrategia para la detección temprana de Retinopatía Diabética en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en Quintana Roo. MÉTODOS: Estudio Transversal, observacional, prospectivo, analítico. En Ocho unidades de primer nivel de atención de la delegación Norte del Estado de Quintana Roo, México del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se diseñó un programa de detección oportuna de retinopatía diabética en 376,169 adultos, se realizó el diagnóstico de 683 casos de DM2, de forma aleatoria se asignaron 105 pacientes a quienes se les practicó oftalmoscopia directa en un hospital de segundo nivel. Se realizó la determinación del grado de retinopatía diabética y edema macular. RESULTADOS: En la muestra predominaron las mujeres: 55.2%, edad promedio de 48+11.1 años, el 23.8% presentó algún grado de DR, 28.0% con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa leve (DRnPL), 48.0% moderada (DRnPM), 16.0% Severa (DRnPS) y el 8.0% presento Retinopatía diabética proliferativa (DRP). Los mayores de 30 años tuvieron 2.8 veces más riesgo de desarrollar DR, OR 2.8; IC95%: 0.42-18.0 al igual que las mujeres OR= 1.7; IC95%: 1.02-2.95. CONCLUSIONES: La realización de programas dirigidos a la detección oportuna de enfermedades incapacitantes como la retinopatía diabética tienen impacto en la salud de los derechohabientes, la vinculación efectiva entre los sistemas de atención primaria y segundo nivel ofrecen resultados favorables para la salud de los pacientes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Edema Macular/epidemiologia , Edema Macular/etiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oftalmoscopia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
19.
Colomb. med ; 46(1): 14-18, Jan.-Mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-753530

RESUMO

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a strategy for early detection of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) in Quintana Roo, México. Methods: Study transversal, observational, prospective, analytical, eight primary care units from Mexican Social Security Institute in the northern delegation of the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico were included. A program for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adult 376,169 was designed. Were diagnosed 683 cases of type 2 diabetes, in 105 patients randomized was conducted to direct ophthalmoscopy were subjected to a secondary hospital were assigned. Will determine the degree of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema was performed. Results: In population were 55.2% female, mean age 48+11.1 years, 23.8 % had some degree of DR, 28.0% with mild non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy 48.0 % moderate 16.0% and severe and 8.0% showed proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Those over age 30 are 2.8 times more risk of developing DR, OR= 2.8; 95%CI: 0.42-18.0, and OR= 1.7; 95%CI: 1.02-2.95 women. Conclusions: The implementation of programs aimed at the early detection of debilitating conditions such as diabetic retinopathy health impact beneficiaries, effective links between primary care systems and provide second level positive health outcomes for patient diseases.


Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una estrategia para la detección temprana de Retinopatía Diabética en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en Quintana Roo. Métodos: Estudio Transversal, observacional, prospectivo, analítico. En Ocho unidades de primer nivel de atención de la delegación Norte del Estado de Quintana Roo, México del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se diseñó un programa de detección oportuna de retinopatía diabética en 376,169 adultos, se realizó el diagnóstico de 683 casos de DM2, de forma aleatoria se asignaron 105 pacientes a quienes se les practicó oftalmoscopia directa en un hospital de segundo nivel. Se realizó la determinación del grado de retinopatía diabética y edema macular. Resultados: En la muestra predominaron las mujeres: 55.2%, edad promedio de 48+11.1 años, el 23.8% presentó algún grado de DR, 28.0% con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa leve (DRnPL), 48.0% moderada (DRnPM), 16.0% Severa (DRnPS) y el 8.0% presento Retinopatía diabética proliferativa (DRP). Los mayores de 30 años tuvieron 2.8 veces más riesgo de desarrollar DR, OR 2.8; IC95%: 0.42-18.0 al igual que las mujeres OR= 1.7; IC95%: 1.02-2.95. Conclusiones: La realización de programas dirigidos a la detección oportuna de enfermedades incapacitantes como la retinopatía diabética tienen impacto en la salud de los derechohabientes, la vinculación efectiva entre los sistemas de atención primaria y segundo nivel ofrecen resultados favorables para la salud de los pacientes.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , /complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Edema Macular/epidemiologia , Edema Macular/etiologia , México/epidemiologia , Oftalmoscopia , Estudos Prospectivos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
20.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 10(6): 364-372, nov.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-128363

RESUMO

Objective: To evaluate the implementability of the «2008 Mexican Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis at the primary level of care» within primary healthcare of three Mexican regions using the Guideline Implementability Appraisal methodology version 2 (GLIA.v2). Methods: Six family physicians, representing the South, North, and Central Mexico, and one Mexican physiatrist evaluated the 45 recommendations stated by the Mexican guideline. The GLIA.v2 methodology includes the execution of qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques. Results: Reviewers’ agreement was between moderate to near complete in most cases. Sixty-nine percent of the recommendations were considered difficult to implement within clinical practice. Eight recommendations did not have an appropriate format. Only 6 recommendations were judged as able to be consistently applied to clinical practice. Barriers related to the context of one or more institutions/regions were identified in 25 recommendations. These barriers are related to health providers/patients’ beliefs, processes of care within each institution, and availability of some treatments recommended by the guideline. Conclusions: The guideline presented problems of conciseness and clarity that negatively affect its application within the Mexican primary healthcare context. We identified individual, organizational and system characteristics, which are common to the 3 institutions/regions studied and constitute barriers for implementing the guideline to clinical practice. It is recommended that the 2008-Mexican-CPG-OA be thoroughly revised and restructured to improve the clarity of the actions implied by each recommendation. We propose some strategies to accomplish this and to overcome some of the identified regional/institutional barriers (AU)


Objetivo. Evaluar las barreras de implementación de la guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de osteoartritis de cadera y rodilla en el primer nivel de atención 2008 dentro de la práctica clínica de 3 regiones mexicanas, usando la metodología Guideline Implementability Appraisal version 2 (GLIA v2). Métodos. Seis médicos familiares, representantes del sur, norte y centro de México, y un médico rehabilitador mexicano evaluaron las 45 recomendaciones propuestas en la guía de práctica clínica. La metodología GLIA v2 incluye la ejecución de técnicas cualitativas y semicuantitativas. Resultados. En su mayoría, el acuerdo entre revisores fue de moderado a casi completo. El 69% de las recomendaciones fueron consideradas como difíciles de implementar en la práctica clínica. Ocho recomendaciones no tienen un formato apropiado. Únicamente 6 recomendaciones pueden ser aplicadas consistentemente en la práctica clínica. En 25 recomendaciones, se detectaron barreras de implementación relacionadas al contexto de una o más de las instituciones/regiones exploradas. Estas barreras se relacionan con las creencias de proveedores de salud y pacientes, procesos de atención en cada institución y disponibilidad de algunos de los tratamientos recomendados en la guía. Conclusiones. La guía contiene recomendaciones poco claras y concisas, lo que afecta negativamente a su aplicación dentro del primer nivel de atención mexicano. Identificamos características individuales, organizacionales y sistemáticas, comunes a las 3 instituciones/organizaciones estudiadas, que significan barreras para implementar la guía en México. Se recomienda que esta guía sea revisada y reestructurada con el fin de mejorar la claridad de sus recomendaciones. Proponemos algunas estrategias para hacer esto y atacar algunas de las barreras identificadas relacionadas dentro de las regiones exploradas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Osteoartrite do Quadril/complicações , Osteoartrite do Quadril/diagnóstico , Osteoartrite do Quadril/terapia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/complicações , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde
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